Iridology: Biological plausibility, clinical evidence, and implications for ophthalmic practice
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Publisher
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Evidence roles describe what this source helps establish inside each Investigation. They are local to that use, not permanent labels attached to the publication itself.
A 2026 peer-reviewed ophthalmic review concluded that controlled studies consistently lack diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility and that no established pathophysiological mechanism links fixed iris zones to distant-organ pathology.
Narrative/position review rather than a new diagnostic-accuracy trial; useful as current synthesis and biological context.