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Evidence-first investigations
Extraordinary claims are easy.
Evidence is harder.
Claim by Claim examines viral misinformation, conspiracy theories and pseudoscience using primary sources, scientific evidence and transparent reasoning.
Our investigation method
Eight steps. One visible evidence trail.
Search
Start typing for live suggestions. Search by claim, evidence status, evidence quality, topic, alias or reasoning error.
Beyond individual claims
Understand why weak claims persuade, how misinformation spreads, and how evidence is tested — across Reasoning Errors, Misinformation Mechanics, and How Science Works.
Sources & studiesBrowse the studies, datasets, technical reports and primary documents used across investigations, with backlinks to the claims that use them.
ParticipationSubmit a claim or evidence now. Evidence Room and contributor reputation are the next structured community layer after launch.
Featured investigations
Freezing forms real ice crystals, but melted drinking water returns to a rapidly changing hydrogen-bond network. No verified evidence establishes a durable molecular architecture produced by simple freeze–thaw treatment, or health benefits attributable to one. A positive 2025 cell experiment on a different proprietary water product is relevant context, not a test of freeze–thaw water.
The staging claim conflicts with several independent evidence streams: third-party radio tracking, lunar samples studied outside NASA, hardware still used for lunar laser ranging, and later orbital images matching the recorded landing sites.
The alien-builder claim is contradicted by archaeological and documentary evidence from the Egyptian construction system itself: Fourth Dynasty support infrastructure at Giza, quarry and transport records, and Merer's logbook describing limestone transport to Khufu's pyramid complex while the project was active. Some engineering details remain debated; that is not evidence for extraterrestrial builders.
Browse
How self-sealing narratives turn missing evidence into evidence of concealment.
Viral medical claims, wellness promises and what clinical evidence can actually support.
Free energy, frequencies, radiation and claims that collide with measurable mechanisms.
Wi-Fi, 5G, Bluetooth, devices and the difference between hazard language and demonstrated risk.
Aliens, lost technologies and the archaeological record behind extraordinary historical claims.
Natural, chemical, detox, alkaline and other labels that often obscure dose and mechanism.
What people claim about online challenges — separating actual events, alleged risks and measured consequences.
Our method
Define the claim. Separate the actual proposition from the surrounding narrative.
Test the mechanism. Ask what would have to be true for the claim to work.
Find the strongest evidence. Prefer primary sources and high-quality research.
Try to prove ourselves wrong. Steelman the claim and state what would change our conclusion.
See the 8-step Method and its mapping to the 16-section Investigation →Editorial principle
Governments can be wrong. Companies can mislead. Researchers can make mistakes. Influencers can occasionally be right.
The standard is the same for everyone: what does the evidence support?